Titanium and titanium alloys in the aviation and aerospace

Titanium and titanium alloys in the aviation and aerospace

    titanium grade 1 and its alloys specific strength (strength to weight ratio) in the metal structural materials is very high, its strength and steel equivalent, but its weight is only 57% of the steel. In addition, the heat resistance of titanium and its alloys are strong, in the atmosphere of 500 ℃ can still maintain good strength and stability, but also short-term operating temperature even higher. The aluminum 150 ℃, stainless steel at 310 ℃ to lose their mechanical properties. When the aircraft, missiles, rockets flying at high speed, the engine and the surface temperature is very high, aluminum was not competent, then, using titanium is very appropriate. It is because when titanium and its alloys have high strength, light weight, high heat resistance of the overall excellent performance, aircraft used in it instead of other metals, not only prolong the life of the aircraft, but also reduce its weight, thereby greatly improve its flight performance. Therefore, titanium is one of the structural materials in the aviation industry and the universe's most promising industries.

  

    titanium grade 2 and its alloys are mainly used in the aviation industry, the manufacture of aircraft engine and airframe. Generally, aircraft Mach number less than 2, the engine uses a portion of titanium and its alloys, aluminum alloy body in general. Mach 2 is equal to the aircraft, its engine to increase the amount of titanium and titanium fuselage section required. Greater than Mach 3.5 aircraft, the engine inlet temperature is very high, can not be used titanium and superalloys required, but significantly increased the amount of its body with titanium.

     Titanium and its alloys also have good low temperature performance, even at ultra-low temperature -250 ℃, and it still has a high impact strength, high pressure, anti-vibration, therefore, titanium and its alloys in rockets, missiles and spacecraft not only for the manufacture of the engine casing and structural components, and for the manufacture of pressure vessels, such as high-pressure gas cylinders, cryogenic liquid fuel tanks.

Commercially pure titanium in the chemical field

Commercially pure titanium pipe in the chemical field

    titanium metal has excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, is widely used in many departments. In particular chemical applications, can be used instead of stainless steel with titanium as a corrosion-resistant material, which extend the life of equipment, reduce costs, prevent pollution and improve productivity and so has a great significance. In recent years, China's chemical industry by expanding the scope of titanium, the amount increases every year, titanium has become one of the major chemical equipment corrosion resistant materials. Titanium as a chemical plant in a corrosion-resistant structural materials for chemical equipment has become an ideal material.
Chlor-alkali industry
     Chlor-alkali industry is an important basic raw material industry, a great impact on their production and development of the national economy. This is because the titanium chloride for superior corrosion resistance of stainless steel and other non-ferrous metals used. Chlor-alkali industry is currently widely used to produce titanium metal anodes, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, wet chlorine cooler, refined salt water preheater tower dechlorination, chlorine wash cooling tower. The main components of these devices in the past to use more non-metallic materials (such as graphite, polyvinyl chloride, etc.), due to the mechanical properties of non-metallic materials, thermal stability and processing performance is not ideal, resulting in heavy equipment, energy consumption, short life and affect product quality and pollute the environment. Therefore, China since the 1970s, began with a metal anode and membrane electrolyzer replace graphite electric tank, with titanium wet chlorine cooler cooler instead of graphite, have achieved good results.
     Soda is one of the basic chemical raw materials, it is directly related to the development of national economy. Soda ash production process, and NH3 gas medium mostly CO2, the liquid medium is mostly NaCl, higher NH4Cl, NH4HCO3 and Cl- concentration of the solution, the use of carbon steel, cast iron carry out the carbonation reaction of carbonation tower tubules, hot mother liquor cooler , coolers, and other main external cooling crystallization equipment, are intolerant of corrosion, corrosion serious leakage, life is not more than three years. 1975-1977, Tianjin Soda Plant and Dalian Chemical Industry Company conducted a titanium plant demonstration work, carbonation cooling tower 63 × 2mm, flat titanium heat exchanger, titanium cold outside, titanium pump, CO2 turbine compressor rotor , Ti-6Al-4V alloy impeller application works well, which is performed using titanium transformation and three new 600,000 tons of soda ash plant played a role model for the entire industry.

Titanium / titanium / titanium rods / application in the pharmaceutical industry

Titanium / titanium plates / titanium rods/ application in the pharmaceutical industry

Titanium as a new material, developed in the field of the pharmaceutical industry, medical equipment, human implants, etc., but the use of the past two decades. However, it was a great success and has made significant social and economic benefits, shortening the gap between China and the world's advanced countries.

     Since the seventies, Northeast Pharmaceutical Factory, Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Factory, Wuhan Pharmaceutical pioneered the use of titanium equipment in aspirin, dipyrone, caffeine and other products, not only to solve the serious problems of production and development equipment corrosion problems, and greatly improve the quality of medicines.

     In recent years, many domestic pharmaceutical companies transformation and VC, VB and other products in large quantities of titanium and titanium equipment selection, which also laid the titanium special status in the pharmaceutical industry.

     Medical equipment, surgical instruments is one area of rapid development in recent years, due to the titanium used as a surgical instrument has special advantages, which won the surgery, ophthalmology, cardiothoracic surgeon welcome, but also one of the development of today's surgical instruments .

     Another notable feature of titanium is biocompatible, they have been selected as the best human implant material. More than a decade, the world and many of our research department, medical, hospital, also made a lot of basic work and clinical studies confirm that titanium is the best material from human implant depth, breadth, all these years with titanium material for the femoral head, artificial wrist, knee, dental Implants, cranioplasty, pacemakers have documented thousands of cases, these years of research, track, compare, titanium is reported so far the best human implant material.

Titanium / titanium rod / titanium purposes

Titanium / titanium rod / titanium purposes

Titanium / titanium rods /titanium plate has a high strength and density and small, good mechanical properties, good toughness and corrosion resistance. In addition, poor process performance titanium alloy, machining difficulties in thermal processing, and very easy to absorb carbon hydrogen nitrogen and other impurities. There are poor abrasion resistance, complex production process. Titanium industrial production was started in 1948. Require the development of the aviation industry, the titanium industry with an average annual growth rate of about 8% of the development. Currently the world's titanium alloy production reached 40,000 tons, nearly 30 kinds of titanium alloys. The most widely used titanium alloy is Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) and commercially pure titanium (TA1, TA2 and TA3).

Titanium is mainly used for the production of aircraft engine compressor components, followed by structure rockets, missiles and high-speed aircraft. The mid-1960s, titanium and its alloys have been in general industrial applications, electrodes for electrolysis industry production, power plant condensers, oil refining and desalination heater and environmental pollution control devices. Titanium and its alloys have become a corrosion resistant structural materials. In addition, for the production of hydrogen storage materials and shape memory alloys. Titanium is an important new structural materials used in the aerospace industry, the proportion between the aluminum and steel, the strength and the use of temperature between, but high strength and excellent resistance than seawater corrosion and ultra-low temperature performance. The amount of titanium in the aviation engine usually accounts for 20% to 30% of the total weight of the structure, mainly for the manufacture of compressor components, such as forging titanium fan, compressor disk and blades, cast titanium compressor casing, intermediate casing, bearing housing and so on. Spacecraft main use of high strength titanium alloy, corrosion resistance and low temperature performance to produce all kinds of pressure vessels, fuel tanks, fasteners, instrument straps, architecture and rocket casing. Sputnik, the lunar module, manned spacecraft and space shuttle are also using titanium plates welded.

Performance titanium and alloys

Performance titanium and alloys

  Ti-6Al - 4V titanium alloy with low density, high strength, good toughness, corrosion resistance, good processing performance, etc., is an ideal material for aerospace engineering structures.

  titanium for sale is a new structural material, it has excellent performance, such as low density (~ 4.5g cm-3), strength and fracture toughness than the ratio, strength and resistance to fatigue crack propagation ability, good low-temperature toughness, resistance excellent corrosion properties, the maximum operating temperature of some titanium alloys for 550ºC, is expected to reach 700ºC. So it gets increasingly widely used in aerospace, chemical, medical, shipbuilding and other industrial sectors, is developing rapidly.

   Another notable feature is the corrosion resistance of titanium, which is the oxygen affinity of titanium is particularly large, able to generate a dense surface oxide film to protect against corrosion medium titanium. In most aqueous solutions of metal titanium, can generate passive oxide film on the surface. Therefore, the titanium in acidic, alkaline, neutral saline solution and oxidizing medium has good stability, but in a medium, the titanium oxide film surface can be continuously dissolved in this medium will be titanium corrosion. For example, hydrofluoric acid, hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid flow, since the surface of the titanium oxide film was dissolved, so titanium corrosion. If adding an oxidizing agent or certain metal ions in these solutions, the surface of the titanium oxide film will be protected.

Medical use of titanium and titanium alloys, the most affinity metal

medical titanium Medical use of titanium and titanium alloys, the most affinity metal

According to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of Statistics, the United States has nearly 500 million people suffer from heart failure disease, and 400,000 new cases each year. Without taking a heart transplant, about 25,000 to 100,000 per year suffer from heart failure, Paul died of heart disease. Only from 2000 to 2500 cases because of the number of human donor heart is extremely limited, and therefore the actual heart transplant each year, far failed to meet patient demand, resulting in many patients with disease progression or death.

Titanium has excellent biocompatibility, the body can withstand harsh physiologic environments (human PH value of 7.4) and therefore have long been used in human hip and knee joints, and transplantation. Practice has proved that the body of the titanium no rejection, no clotting phenomenon.

Faced with the needs of the medical profession and in accordance with the characteristics of titanium in recent years, especially in recent years, many research institutes professors are committed titanium artificial heart research and development work, this can save a lot of heart patients all of life, but also bring considerable economic benefits.

In short, no matter what kind of products, the use of titanium is inevitable. If the FDA through the discussion will be able to approve a titanium artificial heart as a long-term or permanent implants implanted in the human body, not only for patients who can not get planted allogeneic cardiac rehabilitation, but also bring in huge profits.

Titanium Performance

Titanium Performance

         1, low density, high specific strength
         The density of titanium is 4.51g / cm3, higher aluminum and less than iron, copper, nickel, but the head of the metal strength located
         2, corrosion resistance
         medical titanium alloy is a very reactive metal, which is very low equilibrium potential, thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is large, but in fact the titanium is very stable in many media, such as titanium in an oxidizing, neutral or weakly reducing medium is corrosion resistance. This is because titanium has a great affinity for oxygen, in the air or an oxygen-containing medium, the surface of titanium to produce a dense, strong adhesion, inert large oxide film, protects the titanium substrate from corrosion, even if the mechanical wear will soon heal or regenerate. This shows that titanium is a metal with a strong passive tendencies. Medium temperature below 315 * c titanium oxide film remains this feature.
         In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, developed oxidation, plating, plasma spraying, surface treatment technology ion nitriding, ion implantation and laser treatment. Titanium oxide film plays a role in enhanced protection. Obtained the desired corrosion effects. For the sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methyl amine solution, high-temperature and high temperature chloride wet chlorine produced in the need of metal materials, the development of titanium - molybdenum, titanium - palladium, titanium - molybdenum - and a series of corrosion resistant nickel titanium alloy. Titanium castings using a titanium-molybdenum alloy -32, for often pitting or crevice corrosion environments using titanium -0.3 -0.8 molybdenum-nickel alloy or titanium partial use of equipment -0.2 titanium-palladium alloy, have received a very good use effect.

          3, good heat resistance
          New titanium alloy under long-term use of 600 * C or higher temperatures.

          4, good low temperature performance
         Its strength with decreasing temperature increase, but the plastic change is not large, good ductility and toughness at low temperature -196-253 ℃. Avoid cold brittle metal, is an ideal material for cryogenic vessels, tanks and other equipment.

          5, anti-damping properties.
          After titanium subjected to mechanical vibration, electrical vibration, compared with steel, copper, its vibration damping longest, do take advantage of this performance titanium fork, ultrasonic vibrating element grinder medicine and advanced audio speaker vibration film.

          6, non-magnetic, non-toxic
          Titanium is non-magnetic metal, a large magnetic field will not be magnetized, non-toxic and with human tissue and blood have good compatibility, they were using the medical profession.

          7, the tensile yield strength of its proximity
         This performance titanium shows its yield ratio (tensile / yield strength) high, indicating that the metal material is too poor in the molding of plastic deformation, due to the ratio of yield strength and elastic modulus of titanium, causing titanium molding rebound capacity.

         8, good heat transfer performance
         Although the thermal conductivity of the metallic state lower than carbon steel and copper, but because of the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, the use of the wall thickness can be greatly thinned, and the surface heat exchanger with steam way dropwise condensation, reducing the thermal resistance, the titanium surface not scaling may also reduce the thermal resistance of titanium to make the heat transfer performance is significantly improved.

          9, low elastic modulus
         Titanium elastic modulus at room temperature 106.4GMPa, 57% of the steel.

         10, suction performance
        medical titanium is a very active chemical properties of metals can react with many elements and compounds at high temperatures. Titanium getter mainly refers to the reaction occurs at high temperature and carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Advantages of titanium and titanium alloys and recognition of frames

Advantages of titanium and titanium alloys and recognition of frames

  titanium company metal has good corrosion resistance, and platinum (commonly known as platinum) are similar, very excellent mechanical properties, texture, light, the unit weighs only 48% of the general metal, so titanium frames is the ideal material, because it has no phase than light, flexible, resistant to corrosion. However, the higher cost of production of titanium and titanium glasses, cutting, stamping, welding and plating,, aspects of the process have special high demand (for example: welding must be done in a vacuum), the price is more expensive.
   With the development of titanium materials and processing technology matures, the market has appeared in a variety of titanium-based titanium frame, B titanium, memory titanium. Among them, titanium frames purity materials required to achieve 99.9% (excluding gaskets, screws, stipules and leg sets), which identifies all known PURETITANIUM, or abbreviated as Ti-P and so on. However, driven by the interests of individual vendors for some non-pure titanium or titanium alloy materials have also been identified above, the majority of consumers lack titanium frames plus the ability to identify, causing consumers to wear titanium frame after frame of Health rust, skin allergies and other phenomena, harm the interests of consumers. Following the first volume of a few simple methods to identify titanium frames.

         1， A hand weigh the weight, the proportion of alloy frame usually about 8.9g / cm3, the proportion of titanium frame is about 4.5g / cm3, due to the weight of the titanium alloy materials equivalent to half the frame, hand weigh up more light. This is one of the easiest way to distinguish non-titanium frame titanium frame.

         2, observation stems nose pads and nose stipules bucket weld, welding titanium material is vacuum anaerobic Welding, welding marks here as "step" shape, welding alloys for welding, welding marks for "slope "shape, which is one of the effective methods of non-titanium frame titanium frame and distinction.

         3, observe whether there is hinged at the gasket, titanium frames in the hinge should not make direct contact with titanium and titanium, or prone junction wrinkled, temples and close them poor phenomenon. Usually two thin shim mosaic hinge titanium frames, the upper and lower hinge separated. Therefore, check whether the hinge pads, titanium frames also identify whether a good method.

         4, with the magnet magnetic hair should do, will try to loosen the hinge frame, under the free active magnet to attract, as the temple attracted by the magnet shaking, indicating that this is not a pure titanium frame, otherwise it shows that the frames may be pure titanium frame.

         Other titanium alloy frames and identifies the following:

         Titanium frame for frame + Titan-P or Ti-PPURETITANIUM

         Titanium is used to frame Front-Titan-P or F-Ti-P

         Titanium for temples Temple-Titan-P or T-Ti-P

         Titanium frames for frame + Titan-C or Ti-C

         Titanium is used to frame Front-Titan-C or F-Ti-C

         Titanium for temples Temple-Titan-C or T-Ti-C

         Some businesses to use only the frame is said to be pure titanium frame + frames are progressive price, customers tend to be easily fooled, so when you buy must recognize the label, so as not to be fooled.

Titanium applications in various fields

titanium rod applications in various fields

1. Marine Engineering
① Desalination: The thin-walled welded titanium tubes for heat transfer with.
② deep-sea oil drilling: titanium condenser tubes, valves and so on.
③ seawater system: Titanium ballast water piping, valves and control valves, etc. set.
2. Power Industry
① OTEC power plant: titanium evaporator and condenser heat transfer tubes, heat exchanger.
② Condenser: condensing steam with titanium tube with a diameter of 25mm, wall thickness 2-2.5mm, length 3000-6000mm titanium tube.
③ Titanium steam turbine blades: blade water droplets from steam agglomerated titanium steam turbine erosion, but also increase the size of the apparatus, reducing power generation costs, increase reliability and durability of the device.
3. Chemical Industry
① system Chlor-alkali: titanium metal anode electric tank, ion-exchange membrane electrolyzer, wet chlorine cooler, refined salt water preheater, dechlorination towers, scrubbers and other chlor-alkali titanium cooling equipment has been widely used in the chlor-alkali production.
② manufacturing soda ash (sodium carbonate): titanium equipment are outside the absorption of ammonia, ammonia stripping system heat exchanger with titanium, titanium cooler, the cooler the distillation column, a cooling tube titanium, CO2 turbine compressor impeller, and titanium and titanium pump valve.
③ system Urea: Titanium synthesis columns, reactors, mixers, heat exchangers, separators and compressors and other equipment.
④ system cyanuric acid amide: in coherent, wetted parts, ammonia heaters, melted, separators, high-pressure scrubber, pressurized shock absorbers, tubing and fittings, etc. all use of titanium and titanium alloys.
4. Vacuum salt industry: titanium and titanium composite materials used in the production of titanium ammonia evaporator, preheater titanium, titanium precooler, titanium frozen pump Brine pump impeller cast titanium, cast titanium pump impeller freezing, salt slurry transport pipelines and other equipment.
5. petrochemical industry
① terephthalaldehyde, polyester production: coolers, terephthalic acid reactor manufactured by titanium.
② acetaldehyde, acetic acid, vinyl acetate production: with BT1-0, TA2 and TA10 titanium to produce synthesis and response equipment. (Reactor, regenerator, separators, demister, condenser, distillation, receivership, valve, etc.)
③ acetone production: reactors, piping and other equipment are used mostly made of titanium.
④ oil refining: titanium heat exchangers, distillation columns, reactors, thermocouple protection tubes, pumps, flat valves, piping, valves, all kinds of springs, measuring instruments, brackets, etc.
6. Textile Industry
① fiber bleaching: reaction tank titanium sub-drift machine, roll, dipping, film club, etc.
Lun ② cotton production: titanium Roots blower, centrifugal, titanium valve castings to the inner tube made of titanium cooling coil.
7. Paper industry: titanium dioxide chloride, vacuum cleaning and heat exchangers, valves and equipment containing sodium hypochlorite tank, transport caustic soda - sodium hypochlorite solution pumps and wet chlorine fan work.
8. Dye Industry: titanium coolers, evaporative towers and tower reboiler, excellent corrosion resistance.
9. Pharmaceutical Industry
① medical applications: the use of titanium and titanium alloy artificial joints, bone plates and screws, has been widely used in clinical practice. Also for hip, knee, elbow, metacarpophalangeal joints, interphalangeal joint, mandible, artificial vertebral body, heart Kai Bo housing, artificial heart, artificial implant, titanium and nickel-titanium mesh orthodontic device in plastic skulls and other aspects.
② pharmaceutical industry: titanium anchor or box-type agitator, titanium centrifuge, filter press pot pipe and tube or coil type heat exchanger.

Titanium should be used

       According to the ten properties oftitanium and titanium alloys can be seen Titanium is an important engineering material, which is mainly used in aviation, aerospace, ship, marine engineering, weapons, vehicles, construction, chemical, petrochemical, metallurgy, electric power, light industry, medicine, sports and daily necessities.
       According to the current range of applications of titanium, summarizes several of the following areas:
A glasses frame: titanium frames currently used mainly formed by a titanium plate stamping, then welding assembly, sheet thickness mainly between S1.2-3.0.
Two material titanium case
Three golf head: with S1.2 of titanium machining (TC4 and TA3)
Four titanium basket: in the electroplating industry (will need titanium plating material into the basket, and then put together the plating tank plating).
V. titanium foil:
  1. For the sound film, thickness 0.03, 0.05 of the most commonly used in high-end audio use.
  2. For equipment, instruments, decorative and protective shell, such as the metal part of the phone shell.
 target material:
  1. From the timber points: target board, tube target, round target
  2. From the zoning: Tools plating, decorative plating
  3. vacuum coating into: sputtering, ion plating, evaporation coating
    Decorative Plating: is to improve the performance and appearance of the decorative piece color, while the work piece is more wear resistant and prolong its life; this area is mainly used in various areas of the hardware industry (such as window and door hardware, locks, bathroom hardware and other industries).
    Tools plated: The main purpose is to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance, reducing the coefficient of friction surface to improve the life of the work piece.
    Titanium anode, mainly used in chemical, electroplating industry, sewage treatment.

medical titanium

   The past 10 years, the growth rate of biomedical materials and products market has remained at around 30%. In the biomedical materials, titanium and titanium alloys due to its pro-biotic characteristics, has become artificial joints, dental implants, interventional cardiovascular stents and other implantable medical class product material of choice. According to incomplete statistics, the world's disabled population of the world accounted for 1/20, and joint replacement patients receiving only about 1.5 million cases per year, and the number of those who are far from the actual needs replacement. Therefore, as a biomedical material of choice for Medical titanium alloy huge market demand. In our case, biomedical materials for surgical implant into the body about 80% of imported products, the high price limits its wide application. Therefore, increased research and development efforts titanium medical imperative. Has developed a variety of alloy materials are varying degrees of defects, such as relatively low wear resistance, corrosion resistance and can be further improved, the biological activity is not ideal. In order to improve the performance of medical titanium, but also in two ways, one is optimized alloy composition, the second is the titanium alloy surface modification.
    Medical analysis is mainly based on Medical grade titanium alloycomponents for medical research and development base five system Ti-Nb, Ti-Mo-based, Ti-Zr-based and Ti-Ta-based, Ti-Al-based alloy, and the selected literature are the art cited higher frequency patented technology literature. TiMo and TiNb tin alloy is the focus of the study, from 1982 to date, has submitted more patent applications; Judging from the number of alloying elements, TiNb alloy from the initial binary alloy gradually developed into triples, until now four element alloy; alloying element selected from the terms of the types, TiNb alloy from the initial metallic elements Zr, Fe, Ta, Sn, to the semiconductor elements Si, Ge, Ga, alloy elements are added to render the non-metallic species from the metal species trend. In future research, we can study them in a targeted manner to strengthen the weak technical means, look for opportunities to get involved in fewer areas in others. China needs to be optimized to strengthen ties in research and production, and increase the number of applications, strengthen innovation, and improve the layout and other aspects of the patent. The number of applications of titanium in the medical field has entered a steady growth, but the main universities and research institutions of the applicants, compared with foreign-based companies to the applicant, to the industrial transformation of scientific research is more a long road. Therefore, the need to strengthen domestic enterprises cooperation with universities and research institutions. Meanwhile, with the market needs to find technical focus and technical weaknesses, to promote the transformation of scientific and technological productivity. At present, many domestic applicants only concerned with the domestic market, even developed the core technology, but also only consider seeking protection in the country while ignoring the submission of applications for patents in foreign countries. If the technology or product enters the foreign market, because there is no protected by patent, the market competitiveness of their products will be greatly weakened, and even cause as a result of the infringement and can not enter foreign market. Therefore, the applicant should increase domestic foreign patent applications, improve the number of PCT patent application or with the family, to further improve the worldwide patent portfolio。